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Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. TOILET SOAPS. 389 BELGIAN SOFT SOAP. Tallow . Cocoa-nut oil . Palm oil, bleached 350kilog. (770 lbs.) 150 " (330 " ) 100 " (220 " ) This quantity of fats is boiled in a caustic potash-lye of 20° B. until perfectly saponified. Water is added to keep the proper consistency. This is a favorite soap for manufacturers of cloths and woolens. AMMONIATED SOAP. To a good white soda cold soap yet warm add a solution of ammonia alum, say 10 per cent, of 8° B. solution, before putting in the frames. The ammonia will be set free and improve the detersive qualities of the soap. MEDICATED SOFT SOAP. Under this name a pure soap is made with oleic acid and caustic potash-lye, care being taken to obtain a neutral product. It is boiled with a moderately strong lye until the proper consistency is reached. MARINE SOAP. Cocoa-nut oil soap 100 parts. Fuller's earth 50 Calcined soda ash 50 " Make as usual. Used for washing in sea-water. In our section on toilet soaps, we shall give a large number of formulas of soups that properly belong to that department. From a great number of useful domestic and manufacturer's soaps, we have selected what, we consider most reliable, and such as will give the intelligent manufacturer hints towards many more, should he have occasion to make them. SECTION" XIX. TOILET SOAPS. THE increased demand and production of this class of soaps, hag made their manufacture one of the most important of which it is our office to treat and explain. The writer, in his connection with the fat industry for nearly forty years, can readily trace, in the United States, the different improvements made during that period in this art: from the time when the chandler made the tallow curd soap, and marbled it with vermilion, perfumed it with sassafras, formed it into squares or rounded it into balls, and when this was a standard for a domestic toilet soap. This soap, being made of tallow and soda-lye, soon became so hard that it was almost impossible to coax a lather from it, even after a previous soaking in water. Then, later, the perfumer bought the different domestic soaps, remelting, perfuming, and forming into cakes with the plane, wrapping them in gorgeous wrappers, and applying to them names to suit the prevailing taste. Then again, when, some twenty years ago, toilet soaps were made by the cold or extempore process, the product was very inferior, the result of a very imperfect knowledge of the proper method and manipulation. But since, the progress has been a steady improvement to the present time, when we may be said to stand on nearly equal ground with the older nations, our products comparing favorably with any others. Owing to the prestige of time and many local facilities, Europe may produce many superior soaps, and may be said to be without rivals in certain kinds; yet in as far as the usual toilet soaps are concerned, we are, owing to our many improvements in machinery, the abundance of superior ma- 390 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. TOILET SOAPS. 391 terials, and the attention to the chemical rules of the art, producing goods that, for prices and quality, compete with any in the world. The fabrication of toilet soaps presents but few changes from those already given in the making of domestic and manufactured soaps, except a greater care in the selection of the raw materials, which should all be of the best quality. The fatty bodies and the bases should be purified as much as possible, the oils and fats from all odor and impurities, the alkali from all foreign salts and carbonic acid, and made as caustic as possible. For making a good and pure toilet soap, due care in purifying the fats and oils is perhaps the first stage of the process. When the manufacturer has the opportunity and the facility to render his own greases, there will be much advantage as insuring their purity and enhancing the quality of his soaps very much. To Bender and Purify the Grease.—Fat of good quality and very fresh must be selected, the membranes of which are carefully removed. This operation being performed, it is spread on a strong piece of oak wood and strongly beaten to open the adipose cells in which the grease is contained; by this means the grease is more easily and quickly extracted. The fat is then washed five or six times in cold water, the water being renewed each time. This operation is performed in large buckets two-thirds filled with water; the water of the last washing must remain clear and limpid. The object of these washings is to remove, as completely as possible, the coloring and bloody parts which are adherent to the grease, and which would color and alter it during the trying out, and would render its perservation uncertain and difficult. These washings being finished, the fat is drained on clean cloths, then melted in a copper kettle, inwhich is a quantity of water about equivalent to one-third of the weight of the fat. All being thus ready, heat the kettle, and, when the grease is melted, add from five to seven ounces of pure salt for every 45.5 kilog. (100 pounds.) Boil for eight or ten minutes, and as in boiling a scum is formed, it is carefully removed with a skim. Previous Next
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