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obtained by mixing genuine
Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! obtained by mixing genuine soaps of ordinary quality with solution of soluble glass, let a portion of the alkali contained in such solution be combined with rosin or with fatty or oily acids obtained from tallow or oil by well-known processes. Such combinations are effected by boiling rosin or fatty or oily acids with solution of soluble glass, in the same manner as rosin and other soap-rnaking materials are combined with alkali in the ordinary process of soap-making, and we use the product thus obtained to mix with genuine soap, and thus produce less detergent compound soap containing solution of soluble glass. Dunn's Silicic Soap.—In this process, the silicic matter is made to combine with the soap under pressure. Mr. Dunn, the author, says that it is as applicable to all other kinds of soap, even where silica is not an ingredient; and with the advantage over the usual mode of boiling soap materials, of effecting a more perfect union of the ingredients, in a shorter time, with less waste, and at a diminution of expense. Fig. GO. 4- -12 D Take the materials for soap in the usual proportions, say for yellow soap, 7 cwt. of tallow, 3 cwt. palm oil, 3 cwt. of rosin, and 140 to 150 gallons caustic soda lyes, 21° B., and place the whole in a steam boiler, such as is represented by 332 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE FABRICATION OF SOAPS. 333 Fig. 60. The boiler should be furnished with a man-hole, safety valve, and all the ordinary appendages of such an apparatus, with a thermometer plunged into a mercury chamber. There should be a feed pipe as at A, and a discharge pipe as at C, through which the soap may be discharged into a pan or frame as at D. The fire being kindled, the pressure on the valve should be such as to allow the temperature in the boiler to rise gradually to about 154.4° C. (310° F.). When it has remained at this height for about an hour, the ingredients may be discharged from the boiler into the pan or frame, and allowed to cool down, when the process of saponification will be found to have taken place. When silica is to be added, it must be put through a preparatory process, which is as follows: Crushed flint or quartz mixed with caustic soda or potash lye, in the proportion of one cwt. of silica to 100 gallons of lye of 21° B., is placed in a steam-tight boiler, or apparatus, such as above described, and the whole heated to a temperature of about 154.4° Cv (310° P.), and kept at this pressure for about three or four hours, when it is discharged and cooled down, and a silicate is thus obtained,of potash or soda, according to which alkali has been used in solution; and this solution is added in the proper percentage to the soap paste in the pan, after the saponification is complete, and before it has cooled down. Guppy's Process.—To the above invention, in its application to ordinary or silicic soaps, a gentleman by the name of Guppy has proposed certain improvements, such as the introduction of stronger lyes and in separate portions into the boiler or steam-tight vessel, to be injected from a reservoir by a force-pump, properly appropriated and arranged, and in . connection with both the boiler and reservoir. For every 24 pounds of tallow, 10 pints caustic soda lye, of 17° B., are added to the boiler, and the mixture heated to 148.9° C. (300° F.); and by means of a force-pump about 30 pints of soda lye, of 25° B., to every 24 pounds of tallow, are then injected or thrown in, and the mixture maintained for two hours at 148.9° to 154.4° C. (300° to 310° F.). At the end of that time the saponification will be complete, a fact deter- minable by drawing out samples through a try-cock fitted in the boiler for the purpose. The stronger lyes are kept at hand in a special reservoir, and from thence drawn by the pump, through pipes suitably connected, and forced in through other tubes. The advantages gained by this mode of operating seem to be a saving of time and fuel; but whether these expectations are to be realized in practice, must be determined by experiment. Davis's Alkalumino-Silicic Soap.—This soap is a patent invention, by which, as the patentee says, the cost of the soap is diminished, whilst its detergent and normal properties, instead of being impaired, are much improved. The plan consists of a combination of fuller's earth, pipe-clay and pearl-ash, with the soap as soon as it is poured into the cooling frames. When pearlash or soda is employed, it is necessary that it should be calcined and then ground together with the clay and earth so as to form as intimate a mixture as possible. In this mixed state it is incorporated with the soup. To every 126 pounds of soap already made and in paste, take 56 pounds of fuller's earth, slaked or dried, 56 pounds of dried pipe-clay, and 112 pounds of calcined soda or pearl-ash, all reduced to powder, sieved as finely as possible, and thoroughly incorporate the whole by stirring or crutching. The mixing must be very perfect, and done as quickly as possible before the paste soap cools. To obviate any objection against the use of this soap for washing white linens, a modification of the above process is proposed, by which the use of fuller's earth is entirely omitted, leaving the proportions then for every 120 pounds of soap, 112 pounds of dried pipe-clay, and 96 pounds of calcined alkali. A soap produced by these quantities, the patentee says, is useful for general purposes at sea, and for washing white linens in salt water. For washing white linens in fresh water, the process is still further modified by using 112 pounds of soap, 28 pounds of dried pipe-clay, and 36 pounds of calcined soda; and as a toilet soap, either for fresh or salt water, by employing 28 pounds of fuller's earth, slaked or dried, and 20 pounds of calcined soda to 112 pounds of perfumed curd soap. 834 Previous Next
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