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Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. TIIE FABRICATION OF SOAPS. 329 plete, is next evaporated until it reaches 49° B. It is then ready to be mixed with the soap paste in the pan, and just as it has reached the condition in which it is generally transferred into the frames. The temperature of both glass and soap paste should be about 71.1° C. (160° F.) at the moment of mixing, which must be thorough, to promote perfect homogeneity of the soap paste. This is accomplished !>y machinery described below, or with the crutching machine. When the mixture has cooled to 65.5° C. (150° F.) it is put into the frames and again stirred with the crutch until it begins to stiffen. Rosin soap which is to be treated by this process may contain rosin in as large proportions as one to two of fatty matters. The solution of glass must, for this soap, mark 51° B., and be added to the paste when it is "fitted" and ready to be "framed." The apparatus referred to consists of a circular tub or vessel (Fig. 59), marked A in the drawings hereunto annexed, having the shape of an inverted cone, and an internal diameter of about two feet two inches at its lower part, and three feet six inches at its upper part, and a depth of about six feet. Adapted to this vessel is a central upright shaft, marked B in the drawings hereunto annexed, supported by a foot-step C, fixed to the bottom of the tub or vessel, and by a journal D, adapted to a metallic bridge-piece E, which is fixed over the tub or vessel, and secured by screw-bolts to the sides thereof. A bevelled cog-wheel to the upper part of the said upright shaft, and a horizontal shaft, supported by suitable bearings attached to the said tub or vessel, and on such horizontal shaft another bevelled cog-wheel in such manner that its cogs will work in gear with the cogs of the bevelled wheel on the said upright shaft. A driving pulley on the said horizontal shaft, runs by means of a band passing around such driving pulley, also around another driving pulley,which is caused to revolve by some mechanical power, which com municates a revolving motion to the driving pulley on the said horizontal shaft, and through this to the bevelled wheels and upright shaft. The speeds and diameters of the pulleys and wheels employed, are so that the said upright shaft may be caused to make from sixty to eighty revolutions per minute. Fixed on the said upright shaft is a closed tub or vessel (marked F, in Fig. 59, 1), which said tub or vessel is of such diameter as to admit of ita being placed in the larger but or vessel A, and to leave a space of about two inches between the said two vessels at their lower part, and a space of about six inches at their upper part. Attached to the-outside of such inner tub or vessel (by means of screws or otherwise) are a number of projecting blades marked I I, made by preference of sheet-iron, of such length as to approach within about half an inch of the inside of the larger tub or vessel A. G is a spout, having a movable stopper H, to the lowrer part of the vessel A, through which to run off the Fig. 59. contents of the vessel. In place of fixing a smaller tub or vessel on the upright shaft B, on which to attach projecting blades, can be attached projecting blades to the said shaft as shown in Fig. 59, 2. When this arrangement is adopted, other projecting blades, marked K K, are attached to the inside of the vessel A, which projecting blades, K K, are so placed as to admit of the blades I I revolving between them, 330 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE FABRICATION OF SOAPS. 331 as shown in Fig. 59, 2. When about to use this apparatus for the production of compound soap by mixing genuine soap with viscous solution of soluble glass, it is well to ascertain previously the highest temperature at which the mixture of such genuine soap, with the proportion of the viscous solution employed, will become too thick to admit of its flowing from such mixing apparatus. It is then preferable to make a preparatory mixing, by means of paddles or crutches, of the genuine soap with the viscous solution employed, in such a tub or vessel as will contain about half a ton of soap, adding the soap and viscous solution at such temperatures as will yield a mixture, having a mean temperature about ten degrees higher than the previously ascertained temperature hereinbefore referred to. Then transfer the soap, which has undergone a preparatory mixing, into this apparatus, and cause rapid revolving motion to be given to its vertical shaft, which communicates corresponding motion to its projecting arms or bladejs. Then withdraw the sliding stopper of the said spout to such extent as to allow the compound soap, in the state of perfect mixture, to iiow from the mixing apparatus, and then put further quantities of genuine soap and viscous solution of soluble glass, which have undergone a preparatory mixing, as hereinbefore described, into the said mixing apparatus. The mixed compound soap produced is conveyed to the ordinary 'frames' in which it becomes solid by cooling. In mixing viscous solution of soluble glass with genuine soap (whether such mixing may be subsequently completed by 'crutching' in frames or by means of the improved mixing apparatus), it is best to commence such mixing by adding a portion of such solution at a specific gravity of about 1.300, and to add the remaining portions required for the mixing at increasing specific gravities, so that the average specific gravity of the whole solution used may be equal to that which has been found (by previous trials) to be suitable to yield a compound soap of proper hardness when using a genuine soap of the composition employed. When it is desired to produce a compound soap, having less detergent power than the compound soaps Previous Next
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