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Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! will become thin and muddy. It is filled while yet hot into the barrels, which are closed only after the soap has cooled off. The magazines or storehouses for the finished soaps must not be too warm. The soaps made of hempseed-oil possess a more or less greenish color; all other fats furnish a brownish soap. But since hempseed-oil soap is now very much favored, it is sought to impart also to the soaps made of other fats a greenish hue. This is done by dissolving finely powdered indigo in the sixfold part of its weight of fuming sulphuric acid, and this solution is stirred into the soap. Instead of this indigo solution, indigo carmine (indigo-blue hyposul-phide, potash or soda) may be applied. So much of this is taken until the desired shade is attained. The soft soaps are likewise filled, and for this various means are applied. Some add rosin soap to them. Such a mixed soft soap cannot be used for washing wool nor in fulling-mills; besides the profit which the soap manufacturer thus obtains is very doubtful, because the soaps have to be boiled more in order to attain the proper consistency. A frequent mode of filling is that with starch dissolved in weak lye. By this operation a transparent, and almost colorless gluten, is stirred into the soap, which must be done with great care, if not, little lumps will form. Others fill with alum and a solution of salt; of the first 1 kilog. (2.2 lbs.) dissolved in water, and 30 to 40 kilog. (66 to 88 lbs.) salt lye of 5° B. are taken to 700 kilog. (1540 lbs.) finished soap. On the one hand, clay is separated by this operation, which partly dissolves again in caustic potash; on the other, some soda soap is produced. The filling is added after the soap has attained its proper consistency. Of this soap, worsted spinning manufacturers can make no use, which is to be well noted. The filling with carbonate of soda in a lye of 5°, to which, upon 100 kilog. (220 lbs.) finished soap, 2 to 4 kilog. (4.4 to 8.8 lbs.) are added. In this case it is the formation of a small quantity of hard soda-soap, which makes the soap more consistent, so that it need not be boiled so long. 320 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE FABRICATION OF SOAPS. 321 In more modern times, much filling is also accomplished by the use of soluble glass. This is carried out by taking 36 kilog. (79 lbs.) soluble glass, for 100 kilog. (220 lbs.) oleic acid or fat. Inasmuch as the soluble glass contains an overplus of silicic acid, it becomes necessary to admix to each 25 kilog. (55 lbs.) soluble glass, 1 kilog. potash lye of 25° B., since the soap may otherwise become too weak. The mixing of the soap with the soluble glass is performed by stirring in well, without heat. Grained Soft Soap. {Fig Soap.)—By this appellation such soaps are known whose brown, transparent mass is more or less filled with smallish white grains, crystals of stearic acid, or" palmitic acid, potash or soda. The formation of these soaps succeeds best in a temperature of between 9° and 18° C. (48.2° to 64.4° F.). Below 9° C. (48.2° F.) the mass congeals too rapidly, so that no crystalline separation will ensue; above 14° C. (57.2° F.) the crystals all remain dissolved. To produce this soap, the purest potash-lye must be applied. The potash from which this lye is prepared must not exceed 5 per cent, of carbonate of soda, and must also be free from other foreign salts. Otherwise, the entire mass becomes muddy, and the grains can no longer be discovered therein. There are various directions for producing this soap, of which a few are here given:— I. 55 parts palm oil and 45 parts oleic acid, or II. 55 " " " 15 parts tallow and 30 parts linaeed oil, or III. 70 " " " 30 parts linseed oil. These soaps are also adjusted upon a certain "touch"; just as the applied fats are more or less hard, the crystallizations are also more or less numerous, so that by the choice of the fats it is in our power to produce more or less crystals in the soap. Perutz communicates the following directions for the fabrication of an excellent fine soda-grain soap, which upon its clear green ground has but a few white grains. This soap is made of § oil of hemp-seed, and £ tallow. Artificial Grain Soap.—The above explained grain soft soap is also as to its exterior appearance, produced in an artificial manner, by admixing with the finished soap certain grainy Previous Next
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