 |
Home > 306 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND...
Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! 306 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE FABRICATION OF SOAPS. 307 Swiss, OR HALF-BOILED SOAPS. Among the various names given to this class of soaps, we prefer this title as distinguishing them, believing them to have been first made in Switzerland, where they are known as gluten soaps, a very unmeaning term and one calculated to mislead. They are soaps that by their characteristics claim a preference with many people. For illustration we will take for a Swiss PALM SOAP 1000 kilogrammes (2200 lbs.) bleached palm oil, 500 kilogrammes (1100 lbs.) cocoa oil, 1380 kilogrammes (3036 lbs.) 25° caustic soda lye, and place in the kettle, and dissolve with a moderate fire. 1000 kilog. palm oil require for their saponification 110 kilog. (2±2 lbs.) soda. 500 kilog. cocoa oil require for their saponification 62.5 kilog. (137.5 lbs.) of soda; total = 172.5 kilog. (379.5 lbs.) soda. A 25° soda lye contains 13.90 per cent. soda. We need 1 79 c; v 11fl therefore of such _--°x±LyL= 1365 kilog. (3003 lbs.); according to direction 1380 kilog. (3036 lbs.) shall be taken in consideration of the fact that the areometric degrees may also show the degree of foreign salts, hence indicate the soda somewhat too high. The work can also be commenced with one-half of the lye, and the soap must not cease to boil. As a substitute for the evaporated water, there must be added, in order to make the saponification perfect and cause the combination to take place, the other half of the lye which is added at five or six different times. It must also be observed that the soap does not fail to boil continuously for four or five hours. The soap must have but a very weak touch. Should it be strong add oleic acid carefully until the soap ceases to irritate the tongue. That the soap is sufficiently boiled is ascertained by its boiling up in large bubbles and being of apparently pasty consistency, while the surrounding portion forms a honey-yellowish bright ring when a sample of it is cooled and hardened upon a glass plate, and when, as soon as a spatula is placed in the mass and quickly withdrawn, dry spots become visible upon it and now and then knots of soap adhere. If the soap has a fat surplus it boils very dull, and in this case so much caustic lye is added until it shows a weak touch upon the tongue. Before testing a complete cooling off of the sample must take place, since the hot soap easily causes a poignant touch similar to that which caustic lye produces, nor must the biting taste of the cocoa-nut oil or the cocoa soap deceive us. The soap should only be considered as finished when it ceases to produce any foam at all, and is of a honey-like yellow, and telescoping slabs or rosettes are produced. The soap now boils in the kettle so that it can be heard, since the steam which originates upon the bottom of the kettle must break its way through the more consistent and dense mass of the soap and the bursting steam bubbles cause the loud noise which is called the "talking" of the soap. When the soap approaches a finish and is inclined to burn, it must be constantly stirred. If the soap now, as is stated above, falls off the spatula, becomes dry rapidly, and if a sample taken between the thumb and index finger draws no threads, then it is finished, and can, after removal of the fire under the kettle, be run into the frames. This of course is a soap boiled in one lye, and where there is no separation of any of the materials, which should be well selected and purified before beginning the process, and it is particularly applicable to making toilet soaps, which will be more fully explained under that head. So, in like manner, with modifications applicable to the nature of the materials, the various soaps of commerce can be made, of which we give a few formulas for a guide. Swiss YELLOW SOAP. Tallow oil, 30 parts. Cocoa-nut oil, 20 " Palm oil, 25 " Rosin (pale), 25 " Swiss WHITE WAX SOAP. Tallow (white), 50 parts. Cocoa-nut oil, 20 " Cottou-seed oil, 30 " 308 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE FABRICATION OF SOAPS. 309 Swiss EOSIN SOAP. Palm oil, 40 parts. Cocoa-nut oil, 30 " Eosin, 30 " Swiss OLEIN SOAP. Oleine (red oil), 50 parts. Tallow, 30 " Ground-nut oil, 20 " These are merely hints, and the manufacturer like any one else must " cut his coat according to his cloth." A very fine and very hard Swiss rosin soap is obtained as follows:— Tallow Rosin . Caustic soda 100 kilog. (220 lbs.) 50 " (110 " ) 37£ " (82.5 " ) Previous Next
|
|
