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Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE FABRICATION OF SOAPS. 259 value of alkali contained in certain (equal) sorts of potash or soda; that is when large quantities thereof are on hand and have to be worked up. In such case the contents of the alkali are discovered in the alkalimetric way and compared with the specific gravity or the degrees Baume or those of another scale. Then as long as that supply holds out the alkalimetric tests may be dispensed with and the hydrometer may be used. In order to obtain a certain basis for this, there have been found by experiment—for soda lye—the results indicated in the two following tables, from which it may be seen about how much of the caustic soda has to be deducted from the degree of Baume's hydrometer. One of the tables contains experiments with 86 per cent, soda, the other with 72 per cent. soda. I. 86° Soda. Specific gravity. Degrees Baume. Should contain. Contains. 1.2333 = 32.15 14.554 13.890 1.1166 = 24.20 7.635 6.945 1.0583 = 9.60 4.231 3.472 :. 72° Soda. 1.2548 = 84.5 16.636 14.360 1.1274 = 19.5 8.646 7.180 1.0637 = 10.3 4.574 3.590 If the estimations of the hydrometer have been compared with the results of the alkalimetric test, we can as long as the same sort of soda is worked, for approximate determination of the lyes of caustic soda, apply the hydrometer also. This is done by deducting according to the degrees of soda a certain portion from the per cents, shown by the scale of the hydrometer. We do not wish to recommend this method, but there are many soap factories where the hydrometer cannot be dispensed with, and for such the statements above may have some value. Table of the contents of Anhydrous Potash with the corresponding specific gravities and degrees of the hydrometer according to Baume (calculated by Tiinnermann) at 15° G. (59° F.). Specific gravity. Degrees according to Uaunie approximate Per cent, of potash. 201. (5.29 gal.) contain kilogr. NaO. Quantity of fat which in 100 1. (26.5 gallons) of the corresponding lyes will saponify. 1.3300 86° 28.290 7.52 228 kg. 1.3131 34 27.153 7.09 215 " 1.2966 33 26.027 6.75 205 " 1.2803 32 24.895 6.37 193 " 1.2G48 30 23.764 6.02 182 ' i 1.2493 28 22.632 5.66 171 ' 1.2342 27 21.500 5.30 161 ' 1.2268 26 20.935 5.14 156 i 1.2122 25 19.803 4.80 145 i 1.1979 23 18.671 4.50 136 1.1839 22 17.540 4.15 126 " 1.1702 21 16.408 3.84 116 " 1.1568 19 15.277 3.53 107 ' I 1.1437 18 14.145 3.22 99 I 1.1308 17 13.013 2.94 89 i 1.1182 15 11.822 2.64 80 i 1.1059 14 10.750 2.38 72 i 1.0938 12 9.619 2.10 64 I 1.0819 11 8 437 1.85 56 1.0703 10 7.355 1.57 48 1.0589 7 6.214 1.32 40 " 1.0478 6 5.022 1.05 32 " 1.0369 5 3.961 0.82 ' 25 " 1.0260 3 2.829 0.58 18 " 1.0153 2 1.697 0.34 10 " 1.0050 1 0.5658 0.11 3.G" The second and fourth columns are added by Perutz, and the latter is especially calculated for the convenience of soap boiling establishments, and is valuable for reference. Dalton has likewise furnished a table respecting the potash contents of lyes, according to their specific gravities, which, however, differs 2 per cent, from the above. But as it extends also to lyes of greater specific gravities we deem it desirable to add it here. 260 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE FABRICATION OF SOAPS. 261 Degrees Quantities of fat which in 100 Specific gravity. according to Baum6. Per cent, of potash. kil. (220 lbs.) of the lyes are saponified. 1 68 58 • 51.2 307 kg. 1.60 54 46.7 280 ' 4 1.52 49 42.9 258 ' t 1.47 46 89.9 240 ' i 1.44 44 36.8 222 ' I 1.44 43 84.4 206 ' i 1.39 40 32.4 • 194 ' i 1.36 38 29.4 176 ' 4 1.32 35 26.3 157 ' ( 1.28 31 23.4 140 ' i 1.23 27 19.5 117 ' I 1.19 23 16.2 97 ' i 1.15 19 13.0 78 ' 1 1.11 14 9.5 58 I 1.06 8 4.7 26 i In the above table it is supposed that 141 parts potash, on an average, saponify 860 equivalents of fat; but we can operate more accurately when the equivalents for the different fats are the basis for this calculation. The figures in the fourth column are then changed in the same ratio as the equivalent becomes greater or smaller than that accepted by Perutz, viz., 860. Table of the contents of Anhydrous Soda with the corresponding specific gravity and hydrometeric degree of Baume, according to Tunnermann,to which Perutz has likewise added the quantities of the fats, which are saponified by lyes of various strengths. Previous Next
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