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Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE FABRICATION OF SOAPS. 251 35.65 kilog. (78.43 lbs.) of slaked lime of 82 per cent, pure caustic lime in order to obtain a perfect caustic lye. The pure carbonate of soda contains also to 1 equivalent = 31.0 parts soda, 1 equivalent = 22 parts carbonic acid, and for its separation again 1 equivalent lime = 28.0 parts would become requisite. 100 kilog. (2^0 lbs.) of pure carbonate of soda require, therefore, for its change into caustic soda 52.83 kilog. (116.23 lbs.) of pure caustic lime. The weaker a soda is the less lime, and the more inferior the lime, the more is to be used in order to make a certain quantity of soda caustic. The following calculation is exactly the same as under the same proportion of the potash. Supposing we have a soda of 92 per cent, and a lime of 80 per cent., we have the following equation : X = ^^.^?, where X 80 again represents the necessary amount of lime, and thus is found 60.76 kilog. (133.67 lbs.). According to this the tables below are calculated; they contain the respective changeable quantities of the lime to be applied in proportion to the contents of potash and soda to pure carbonate of alkali, and the contents of the pure slaked lime, each from 5 to 7 per cent. This is for practice sufficiently accurate; meanwhile the tables may be easily changed if other proportions occur by means of interpolations. I. Tattle for Potash. Of lime if the same contains 100 kg. potash of appended degree require 75 85 65 60 55 50 90 potash, 100 per cent. 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45.11 47. 42.86!45. 40.60'42. 38.35:40. 36.09^8. 33.83:35. 31.58!33. 29.32:31. 27.06 28. 24.8l|26. 22.56! 23 77 50 38:48 99!45 6043 21J40 82 38 44135 05.33 66'30. 27j27. 88 25, .75 .21 ,67 ,14 .60 06 53 ,00 47 92 37 54.01 51.43 48.96 46.01 43.31 40.60 37.90 35.19 32.48 29.77 27.06 62.46 59.34 56.22 53.15 49.97 46.85 43.74 40.60 37.48 34.36 31.23 67.67 64.28 60.90 57.52 54.13 50.75 47.37 43.98 73.82 70.12 66.44 62.75 59.06 55.36 51.68 48.00 81.20 77.12 73.08 69.01 64.96 60.90 56.84 52.78 48.72 40.60 44.31 37.22 38.83 40.60 44.66 36.91 40.60 58.00 55.10 52.20 49.30 46.40 43.50 40.60 37.70 34.80 31.90 29.00 II. Table for Soda. Of lime if the same contains [00 kg. soda of appended degree require 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 100 per cent, soda, 58.70 62.18 66 21 70.44 75 .47 81. 28 88. 05 96. 06 105 .66 95 ' 55.77 59.02 62 93 66.91 71 .70 77. 21 83. 64 91. 25 100 .38 90 ' 52.83 55.93 59 43 63.40 67.92 73. 15 79. 21 S6. 45 95 .10 85 ' 49.90 52.83 56.13 59.88 64 .15 69. 10 74. 84 81. 65 89 .81 80 ' 46.73 49.72 52 83 56.35 60 .37 65. 02 70. 44 7G. 84 84 .53 75 ' 44.02 46.61 49 52 52.83 56 .60 60. 95 66. 03 72 04 79 .24 70 ' 41.09 43.51 46 25 49.30 52 .83 56. 89 61 63 C7 24 73 .96 65 ' 38.15 40.41 42 92 45.78 49 .05 52. 83 ?"> 7 23 G2 42 68 .68 60 ' 35.22 37.20 39 62 42.26 45 .29 48. 7 7 52 83 57 26 63 .39 55 ' 32.28 34.30 3C.32J38.67 41 .51 44. 70 48 42 52 83 58 .11 50 ' 29.35 31.07 33 02 35.22 37 . 73 40. 64 44. 03 48 03 52.83 While we insist on the maintenance of the proper proportions between the carbonate of alkali and the lime, we do not merely look to a saving of the latter, because the slaked lime can be had cheaply everywhere, so that the greatest overplus of lime will not influence the expense of making caustic lyes. The advantage of accurately maintaining the equivalent proportion of the materials which come into consideration, rests on the fact that a carbonate of lime is obtained, which may be lixiviated with the greatest ease so that not only is time saved, but also nearly all the alkali is recovered, without being compelled, in order to reach the same object, to be overburdened with a mass of weak lyes, as their storage often occasions more inconvenience than the alkali contained therein is worth. Of scarcely less importance for preparing pure lyes is the proportion between them and the water necessary for solution. In this respect the carbonate of alkalies seems not to be proportionately equal, since, according to the experiments of Liebig, carbonate of potash to become perfectly caustic must be dissolved in at least twelve times its weight of water, while for carbonates of soda (anhydrous) about seven times the amount of water is required. We have, however, for finding out this proportion made some experiments, and found that 252 Previous Next
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