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Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! When turned in the direction of the arrow, the blade F sweeps around, drawing the fluid in at I and forcing it out at II, the contents of the pump being twice emptied during Fig. 40. each revolution. The blade F swings on a pivot; the end F, when reaching the point B, at the lowest point, gaining the position there shown, and gradually returning to its former position on completing the revolution. The fluid is prevented from passing from one side to the other by the contact of the cone with the cover. The set screw, shown in Fig. 41, bears against a step at the end of cone, and keeps the cone forced against the cover, and is screwed up to compensate for any wear that takes place. Fig. 42 shows the cone Fiff. 41. Fig. 43. and blade, and forms the entire working part of the pump; no valve being used, there is no chance of any derangement 238 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOAP FACTORY. 239 in the operation of the pump By means of the pump the soap can be forced any distance or height. The soap can be pumped from one kettle into another, which is a special advantage when it is necessary to transfer the u nigre," either in the state of a soft curd, or in the unseparated state into another kettle, to make room for a fresh boiling with clean stock, and thereby keep up a uniform quality of first-class soap. By lowering the pipe attached to the swing-joint inside of the kettle, the lye of the " strengthening change" can be pumped from the very lowest point in the bottom of the kettle, while still hot, into another in which stock is being saponified, thereby economizing steam. In certain cases where it is undesirable to pump the lye over the curb into the kettle, because of the froth which it may occasion, another plan can be adopted, which admirably brings into play the whole system of pump, valves, and swing-joints of the two kettles, from the bottom of one of which it is required to pump the hot lye, and force it through the iron piping down to the bottom of the other. Lye of any kind, whether spent lye, or strengthening change lye, strong caustic lye, either hot or cold, grease or thick oil can be easily and quickly pumped by this pump. The pump is 10 inches in diameter and 2i inches in outlet, revolutions 120 per minute, capacity 6000 gallons per hour. Culling Operation.^-When the soap sets firmly, the frames, according to their construction, are either lifted off or unbound, by loosening the clamps, and removed, so as to leave resting on the bottom a solid mass of soap, corresponding in size with the interior of the wells, as shown in Fig. 33. It is then divisioned oft'on the sides by means of a scribe, Fig. 43, which is a wooden slat, carrying on its smooth side a number of slender iron teeth. The workman, then taking a brass wire, Fig. 44, directs it in the track of the teeth, and thus cuts oft' one slab of the pre-arranged thickness, as shown by Fig. 45. When the whole block is thus divided into slabs, the latter are in their turn reduced to bars and lumps of smaller dimensions, the usual size of the bars being 12 to 14 inches long, by 3 inches every other way. The pound lumps are about 5 or 6 inches long, 3 inches deep, and the same width. The size of the slabs must, therefore, be Fig. 43. Pig, 44. regulated accordingly ; and, therefore, it is convenient to have a scribe with several sets of teeth, as shown in Fig. 33. Fig. 45. Such an instrument is used in the factories, and is nothing more than a piece of hard wood, about two inches square, with each of its four sides smoothly planed, and bearing slender teeth. On one side they may be set 1 inch apart from each other; on the second, 2 inches; on the third, 2J inches; and on the fourth, 3J inches; care being taken, however, that the distance between the teeth of the respective sides is uniform. In this manner, slabs and bars may be smoothly and accurately cut, according to the size traced out upon the block by the teeth of the scribe. A much more rapid method of dividing the blocks into bars, is that invented by Van Haagen, of Cincinnati, and which requires the use of two pieces of machinery, as shown by Figs. 46 and 47. The first is called the slabbing and bar- 240 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOAP FACTORY. 241 ring machine, and consists of a carriage A, which is so grooved at the top as to allow the wires to pass entirely through the block of soap. This carriage is then moved back to the driver B, and on it is placed a whole block of soap as it comes from the frame. This is done by a peculiar Fig. 46. Previous Next
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