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Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! from each other one inch more or less. The centre oi the one, or axis thereto affixed, rests and revolves upon a stationary point; whilst the prime mover, by means of ar belt or gearing, communicates motion to the other plate. The circles which are cut in the plate act like revolving shears by cutting every way ; and when the mill is in operation, they cause a peculiar wrenching, twisting, and sliding motion, admirably adapted for every species of grinding. The ground substance is delivered promptly without clogging the mill." The drum sieve, Fig. 28, is merely a wooden framework cylinder A, covered with wire gauze, the meshes of which are larger or smaller, according to the degree of fineness which it is desired to give the mixture of alkali and lime. They should 230 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOAP FACTORY. 231 not, however, exceed the eighth of an inch. It is mounted upon uprights B, and is made to revolve by means of the Fig. 28. shaft and pulley C. The shelf D is an inclined platform for the delivery of the mixture into tubs, as it passes from the seive. SOAP FRAMES. This name is given to square reservoirs made of masonry, iron, or wood, into which the soap is run, when drawn from the kettle, in order that it may cool. Frames of Masonry.—The first thing to do when building a masonry frame is to carefully level the ground on which it has to be established. This done, a platform of good masonry is constructed on it, at about four or five inches above the level of the ground, and the dimensions of which exceed, in every direction, from seven to eight inches the outside line of the walls of the frame. To build the walls, employ well-burned and very smooth bricks. For large frames, the walls have generally from twelve to fourteen inches of thickness, their height varies between twenty-four and twenty-six inches above the level of the platform. In the front of the frame leave a lateral opening of about two feet, in which is fixed a kind of movable door, which is used for removing the soap after its cooling. The mortar used in the construction con- sists of three parts weight of good cement, and one of fine sand. "When the walls are raised to the proper height, and have stood for two or three days, the joints are cut down smooth, and the walls are thoroughly washed with a broom. The next day they receive a perfectly smooth coat of cement, about one inch in thickness. As for the bottom of the frame, a coating of cement is applied about one or two inches thick; and then suffered to dry for a few days; on this coating of cement a floor of hard bricks is laid; these bricks are laid flat, and well cemented with mortar. It is proper to give a slight inclination to the bottom of the frames in the direction of the door, so as to permit the lye to run off into a small tank, also built of masonry, and sunk in the ground below the door of the frame. The dimensions of a frame are generally regulated by the capacity of the kettle for which it is destined. It has been ascertained that for regular and continued work, three frames are required for the service of each kettle, so as to have no interruption in the different operations. Frames of masonry are completely water-proof, and do not allow the escape of any liquid, when properly prepared. Good frames last very long; they are used principally in the manufacture of marbled soaps; their employment is general at Marseilles. Frames of Iron.—These frames generally have nothing remarkable in their construction. They ordinarily have the form of a parallelogram; their dimensions vary according to the quantity of soap to be run into them. They, are formed of strong iron plates, so firmly riveted together as to render impossible the loss of liquid. These frames have on one of their sides a vertical opening from top to bottom, the width of which is from 16 to 20 inches; this opening is closed by a sheet of iron and is used as a door to the frame. It is by this opening that the soap is taken out after its cooling. The construction of these frames is costly, but they have the advantage of being perfectly tight, and of not allowing any leakage of soap or lye. They are of the same form as the wooden frames; but differ in size. The sides are of wrought-iron plate, and the remaining 232 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOAP FACTORY. 233 portions of cast iron. Fig. 29 presents a side view, Fig. 31 the bottom, and Fig. 30 a top view of them, as made by Poole & Fig. 29. Previous Next
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