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Home > cog-wheel g, when the stirrers...
Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! cog-wheel g, when the stirrers are to be put in motion. E is a driving-band, connected with the pulley J on the shaft i. F.Fare stay bolts for coupling the kettle and jacket. Morfifs Steam Jacket.—This jacket produces the same effects as the above. The following figure represents a vertical section of it. A is the soap kettle, which may be made of any shape and of any material, having a waste-cock C, and THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOAP FACTORY. mounted upon a frame B. D is an upright shaft, hollow both in its upper and lower parts, but solid in the middle. F is a stuffing box in which the shaft D runs, and is provided with suitable packing and a circular chamber, so that Fig. 21. steam from the pipe G may be admitted through openings in the hollow top part of the shaft D. The lower end of the shaft D runs through the bottom of the kettle A, fitting sufficiently tight to prevent the soap and lye from escaping, yet loose enough to be easily turned. Two, three, or four pipes H, so bent as to take the configuration of the kettle A, are connected at both ends with the hollow part of the shaft D. KKK are a number of slats fastened to the pipes H H, to strengthen them, and at the same time to offer more resistance to the materials to be stirred. A set of gearings S, and 224 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOAP FACTORY. 225 a shaft T, mounted on the beam 0, are so arranged as to give motion to the shaft D. The advantage derived from this arrangement is obvious, as the steam entering the pipe D finds no other outlet than the pipes H H, through which it rushes, following their sinuosities, till it reaches the bottom of the shaft D, where the condensed water is drawn oft'at E. The heat thus conveyed into the pipes II H, is communicated to the materials contained in the kettle A, which being continually stirred, have the heat more uniformly distributed throughout their mass than could be effected by the ordinary methods. This is a most useful kettle for the extempore soaps. Caldrons or Boiling Pans.—In smaller factories the old mode of boiling soap by the naked fire may be employed, and we proceed to give a description and drawing of the kind of kettles most advantageous for the purpose. The size of the caldrons should be proportioned to the amount of soap intended to be made at each boiling. The bottom pan may be of cast iron, but in England they prefer Swedish wrought-iron plate. This bottom pan is built in brick masonry, so that the heat acts solely upon its bottom. Fig. 22 Fig. 22. —r n _J 1 1 n~ i i 1 -1 H 0000 J L 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 shows one of these caldrons. Should there be several, they are placed on a line with each other, and over a furnace beneath. To the caldron a tube of about two inches diameter is adapted, which serves as an outlet for the sub-lye which remains under the boiled paste. The furnace is made in the usual manner. The arrangement of the mason work is generally, however, left to the skill and ingenuity of the bricklayer. These soap pans or caldrons are cast with a flange at their top, so that, when necessary, an adjunct cylinder of wood, in the shape of a cone, may be fastened to them. This is called the curb. Fig. 23, or upper part Fig. 23. of the caldron. It is nothing more than a hollow cone of iron-bound staves, made to fit the flange of the iron kettle. It can extend as high as desired, and is made of wood, so as to save the cost of metal, and the mason work necessary to inclose it. The cones stand erect, but they should be strongly and tightly fastened, and jointed to the lower pan. In this way a pan may be enlarged at much less cost than for a caldron wholly of iron requiring to be entirely' inclosed within mason work. Lye Vats.—The lye vats, in very extensive factories, are made of brickwork, smoothly cemented within ; but much the better material would be lead ; for then one set of vats would answer for all kinds of soaps, as the lye prepared in them, not being acted upon by the metal, will be perfectly clean. Large tuns lined with sheet lead, and with cullen-dered false bottoms, Fig. 24, are perhaps the best and most durable fixture of this kind that could be put up. In this case there is a cock fitted near the bottom of each tun, and through it the clear lye collecting in the lower part of 15 Previous Next
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