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Home > TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND...
Previous Next The best candle and soap tips online! TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. MISCELLANEOUS TOILET AND MEDICATED SOAPS. 425 TRANSPARENT SOFT SOAPS. Oleophane or Sapophane is made in the same manner as the kinds above mentioned, substituting potash lye for the soda, and is valuable for shaving and other toilet purposes. LIQUID GLYCERINE SOAP much in favor is made thus:— 85 kiloff. (187 lbs.) 15 " (33 " ) 52 " (114 " ) 4.5 " 10 " Oleic acid Cocoa-nut oil (best) . Potash lye, 35° B. . . . Glycerin The ingredients are saponified at a gentle heat, and sufficient 95° alcohol added to make the soap clear, and it is then filtered. SOFT TOILET SOAPS OF POTASH. SHAVING CREAMS. Soaps of potash are among the most valuable cosmetics prepared by the soap-maker or perfumer, and much care should be exercised in having the purest materials, the greatest cleanliness, and the true equivalents of the parts, as any carelessness in them particularly deteriorates the quality of the product. WHITE SOFT SOAP. To prepare this soap very white, operate in the following manner:— Melt in a sheet-iron kettle of a capacity of about 50 gallons, 50 pounds of white fat, and 13 lbs. of cocoa oil. When the fatty matters are entirely melted, add 50 lbs. of lye of potash at 20° or 21° B. Stir all the time, so as to aid the eaponification, the temperature being kept at from 60 to 65.5° C. (140° to 150° F.). Under the influence of heat and stirring, the aqueous part of the lye evaporates and the mixture acquires a thicker consistency. Sometimes it happens that a part of the fatty matters separates; this effect is produced especially when the temperature of the mixture is raised near the boiling point, because at that temperature, concentrated lyes have little affinity for fatty substances. This effect may also be produced by the insufficiency of alkali in the mixture. In the first case the homogeneity is re-established by moderating the action of the heat, and in the other, by pouring into the kettle a portion of strong lye necessary to complete the saponification. This first stage of the operation lasts about four hours. To obtain a perfect soap, add a new portion of 10 lbs. of lye of potash at 16° B., and be careful to keep the mixture very uniform by a continual stirring. Keep the temperature below the boiling point, and as much as possible between 60° and 65.5° C. (140° and 150° F.). The saponification is finished when the paste has acquired a very thick consistency ; at this point turn off the heat. Many perfumers prepare this soap in iron kettles with a double bottom, heated by steam; some use silver kettles which are preferable, because the soap will retain in them all its whiteness. Fig. 63. The above figure represents a jacket or kettle with a double bottom, heated by steam. This kettle is of tinned copper, and may be used also to purify tallow and greases. The operation lasts in all from seven to eight hours. When the soap is entirely cooled down, pour it into large stone jars in which it is kept for use. Soft soap, as obtained by the saponification of fatty matters by potash, has not that bright and nacreous appearance required for the toilet. To obtain it in this state it is ground in a marble mortar, and aromatized with oil of bitter almonds. 426 TECHNICAL TREATISE ON SOAP AND CANDLES. MISCELLANEOUS TOILET AND MEDICATED SOAPS. 427 Almond Shaving Cream.—Take a few pounds of the above soft soap, introduce it into a marble mortar, and strongly triturate with a wooden pestle. The operation is finished when the soap forms a soft and homogeneous paste; the more it is beaten, the finer it will be. To perfume it, incorporate from 1J to 2 drachms of oil of bitter almonds per pound. Thus prepared, this soap forms an unctuous paste very soluble in water. When it contains some cocoa-nut oil, it is yet softer. Rose Shaving Cream.—To give this soap a slight rose color, when pearling add one-quarter to one-half a drachm of vermilion per pound of soap, perfume with otto of rose; it then takes the name of rose shaving cream. Ambrosial Shaving Cream. Crime d'Ambrosie. — Perfume with liquid storax and benzoin, oils of bergamot and cloves, and color purple with tincture of archil. SHAVING CREAM BY BOILING. In some instances, a soap by boiling will prove more satisfactory, particularly when it is mixed and milled with a soda soap to form shaving tablets. The cream is rarely of so white a color as that made by the cold process. To proceed, take 30 pounds of white grease to 45 pounds of potash-lye of 17° B., and boil gently while stirring, until a paste is formed, when boil more briskly until the vapors nearly cease, and the soap forms into an almost perfect jelly when it is finished, and when cold it should be almost neutral. NAPLES SOAP, OR SHAVING CREAM. Take of the Boiled soft soap 50 lbs. Gum tragacanth 2 ounces. Tincture of musk 2 " " " ambergris 1 ounce. " " balsam Peru 3 ounces. Oil of geranium 2 " Color a light brown. SOAP BALLS OR SAVONETTES, Often called wash balls, once very much used, are made of any good hard soap cut into squares and rounded in the hand with a brass tool until spherical. The mottled soap marbled with vermilion and ultramarine is the kind most used. The transparent soaps are also formed into balls and have a good appearence, and are still much in vogue. GLYCERINE COCOA-NUT OIL SOAP. Cocoa-nut oil 50 lbs. Tallow 20 Soda lye, 38© B 36 Starch 4 Soluble glass 10 Salt water ....... 10 Glycerine, 26° B. . . . . . .10 Perfume with 1 lb. Oil of mirbane " cassia A handsome white translucent soap. We think it is unnecessary to extend the list further, as we have more than outlined the numerous soaps in vogue, and given examples that should be amply sufficient to any intelligent manufacturer. To give the formulas of all the difterent soaps of commerce would require space that would double the size of our volume. We must proceed to the more important subject of manipulating toilet soaps, for in the quality of the work bestowed upon them, depends much of their superiority and their good appearance. 428 Previous Next
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